Prevalence of Speech Language Disorder Among University Students

Abstract

Background: Speech and language disorders (SLDs) are prevalent communication challenges that can significantly impair academic and social functioning in university students, yet remain underexplored in higher education settings, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and functional impacts of SLDs among university students, as well as their therapy utilization patterns and awareness of available support services. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the University of Lahore from June to December 2023, enrolling 385 students aged 18 to 25 years using a convenience sampling approach. Data was collected through a validated self-administered questionnaire covering demographic variables, SLD diagnosis history, therapy engagement, symptomatology, and impacts on academic and social functioning. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25.0, with group comparisons assessed by chi-square and t-tests, and significance set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of self-reported SLD was 22.3%, with stuttering (36.0%) as the most common subtype. Only 10.5% of affected students were currently receiving therapy, while 48.8% had received therapy previously. Students not in therapy exhibited significantly higher academic and social impact scores (mean difference >2.4, p<0.001). Over half were aware of campus therapy services, yet willingness to utilize support if available remained limited. Conclusion: SLDs are common and often undertreated among university students, leading to substantial academic and social burdens. Enhanced screening, destigmatization, and the integration of accessible speech-language services within universities are urgently recommended.